Podocyte (CL_0000653)

Podocyte is a cell type in renal corpuscle and wraps around the capillary of the glomerulus in the kidney. Renal corpuscle filters the blood, retaining large molecules such as proteins and filtering out smaller molecules such as water, salts, and sugars in the formation of urine. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells that reside in the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule.

Above is a graphic of podocyte on the outer surfaces of a section of glomerular capillary. Cell body, primary processes, and pedicles are shown. Neighboring cells with interdigitating pedicles not shown. Copyright: Melissa Clarkson.

Cell Ontology (CL) ID: CL_0000653

    CL definition: A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized kidney epithelial cell that contains "feet" that interdigitate with the "feet" of other glomerular epithelial cells. [database_cross_reference: GOC:tfm]

    Synonyms: glomerular visceral epithelial cell; epithelial cell of visceral layer of glomerular capsule; glomerular podocyte

Cell Hierarchy (defined by CL)

    Podocyte hierarchy according to the Cell Ontology (CL):

Above is a graphic (prepared by: Alex Diehl) of CL hierarchy of podocyte and its associated cell types represented in the CL. Later on we will show a cell hierarchy with live links to other cell types.

Location (defined by CL and UBERON)

    Podocyte wraps around the capillary of the glomerulus in the kidney.

'part of' some 'visceral layer of glomerular capsule' (UBERON_0005751)

Connections and Vicinity

    Podocytes are neighbors of many other cell types such as afferent and efferent arteriole endothelial cells, mesangial cell, etc.

    See more: check the image below, and check the Renal Corpuscle connectome card page.

Lineage

    The kidney, including the kidney epithelial cells, arises from OSR1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells in the intermediate mesoderm. As a type of kidney epithelial cells, podocytes arise from cap mesenchyme progenitor cells and require activation of SIX2, PAX2 and WT1. Ref: Shankland et al., 2014.

Key Gene Ontology Terms associated with Podocyte

• Podocyte foot process (GO_0098846): The podocyte foot processes called pedicels wrap around the capillaries and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a filtration slit, slit diaphragm, or slit pore.
• Regulation of glomerular filtration (GO_0003093): When podocytes contract, they cause closure of filtration slits, which further decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by reducing the surface area available for filtration.

Biomarkers (check more: Podocyte HuBMAT)

    Podocyte-related biomarkers extracted from HuBMAP ASCT-B Tables:

• NPHS1 (nephrin): OGG_3000004868. PR_000011365. HGNC: 7908. GeneCards: NPHS1. References: PMC6597610 , PMC7213795, PMC6597610
• NPHS2 (podocin): OGG_3000007827. PR_000011366. HGNC: 13394. GeneCards: NPHS2. References: PMC6597610, PMC7213795.
• PODXL (podocalyxin): OGG_3000005420. PR_000012955. HGNC:9171. GeneCards: PODXL. References: PMC6597610, PMC7213795, PMC6597610.
• PTPRQ (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Q): OGG_3000374462. PR_000013477. HGNC: 9679. GeneCards: PTPRQ.

    Note: Check more information from our Podocyte HuBMAT.

Ligands expressed in Podocyte

    More to add. Stay tuned ...

Receptors expressed in Podocyte

    More to add. Stay tuned ...

Neighborhood cell types of Podocyte

    The neighborhood cell types of podocyte are described in detail in the Renal Corpuscle Cell Connectome page.

Putative ligand-receptor target cell/structure of podocyte

    More to add. Stay tuned ...

Literature mined podocyte-related gene-gene interactions

    Please find literature mined results using Ignet:

• Podocyte-related gene-gene interactions
• Podocyte-related gene-gene interaction network.

Gene Expression Profiles

    Selected podocyte-associated gene expression studies:

• GSE1545: Human podocyte differentiation. Organism: human.
• See more from: GEO search.

    More to add. Stay tuned ...

Pathways and Functional Maps

    Podocyte-associated pathways and functional maps:

• Nephrin family interactions: Reactome: R-HSA-373753.

    More to add. Stay tuned ...

Images

    Below are two images showing the podocytes inside the glomerulus:

Left: The glomerulus structure that contains podocytes and other cells. Right: peripheral and podocytes highlighted. Copyright: Pinaki Sarder.
Note: The Sarder Lab Slide Analyzer and PodoSighter can be used to support podocyte image study.

Cell Line Cells

    The following cell lines are available:

• Human podocyte cell line cells:
  • CIHP-1: Conditionally Immortalized Human Podocytes-1. Synonymes: AB8/13; AB 8/13; hiPOD. CLO_0037390. See also: CVCL_W186.
  • hAKPC-P: human Amniotic-fluid Kidney Progenitor Cells-Podocytes. CLO_0037391. See also: CVCL_YP01.
  • HGVEC.SV1: Human Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells.SV40 transformed 1. CLO_0037392. See also: CVCL_WW27.
  • HGVEC.SV1A4: Human Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells.SV40 transformed 1 clone A4. Synonymes: HGVEC.SV1 clone A4; HGVEC. CLO_0037393. See also: CVCL_WW28.
  • HUPEC 001 G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037394. See also: CVCL_B0C8.
  • HUPEC 002 FSGS G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037395. See also: CVCL_B0D0.
  • HUPEC 003 FSGS G0/G0. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_0037396. See also: CVCL_B0C9.
  • HUPEC 005 FSGS G1/G2. Disease: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. CLO_003739. See also: CVCL_B0CA.
  • STBCi028-A. Synonymes: SFC018-03-01; SFC018 clone 03-01. CLO_0037398. See also: CVCL_RB91.
  • STBCi321-A: Induced pluripotent stem cell. Synonymes: SFC-AD2-01; SB-AD2c1; AD2c1; SBAD02-01; SBAD2-01; SB AD2.1; SBAD2 clone 1. CLO_0037399. See also: CVCL_ZX54.
  • STBCi322-A: Induced pluripotent stem cell. Synonymes: SFC-AD3-01; SB-AD3c1; AD3c1; SBAD03-01; SBAD3-01; SBAD3-1; SB AD3.1; SBAD3 clone 1. CLO_0037420. See also: CVCL_ZX55.
• Mouse podocyte cell line cells:
  • E11 [Mouse]: CLO_0037384. CVCL_5737.
  • MPC-1: Mouse Podocyte Clone-1. Synonymes: MPC1. CLO_0037385. See also: CVCL_AS86.
  • MPC-5: Mouse Podocyte Clone-5. Synonymes: MPC5. CLO_0037386.See also: CVCL_AS87.
  • MPC-8: Mouse Podocyte Clone-8. Synonymes: MPC8. CLO_0037387. See also: CVCL_AS88.
  • SVI: derirved from adult mouse. CLO_0037388. See also: CVCL_5943.
• Rat podocyte cell line cells:
  • 2DNA1D7: Conditionally immortalized rat podocyte cell. CLO_0037389. See also: CVCL_XF89.

Clinical Significance

    Many "abnormal podocyte cell morphology" (HP_0031265) phenotypes exist:

• Podocyte foot process effacement (HP_0031266)
• Podocyte hypertrophy (HP_0020133)
• Visceral epithelial cell detachment (HP_0033237)
• Podocyte microvillous transformation (HP_0033238)
• Podocyte myelin figures (HP_0033265)
• Glomerular pseudocrescent (HP_0033266)
• Binucleated visceral epithelial cells (HP_0033296)
• Multinucleated visceral epithelial cells (HP_0033297)
• Visceral epithelial cell hyperplasia (HP_0033314)
• Visceral epithelial hyaline droplets (HP_0033315)
• Podocyte infolding (HP_0033483)
• Podocyte cytoskeletal condensation (HP_0033492)

     Podocyte-related diseases also exist:

• lipoid nephrosis (MONDO_0006835)

References:

• Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocyte.
• Govind D, Becker JU, Miecznikowski J, Rosenberg AZ, Dang J, Tharaux PL, Yacoub R, Thaiss F, Hoyer PF, Manthey D, Lutnick B, Worral AM, Mohammad I, Walavalkar V, Tomaszewski JE, Jen K, Sarder P. PodoSighter: A cloud-based tool for label-free podocyte detection in kidney whole-slide images. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021. 32(11):2795-2813. PMID: 34479966.

Note: This is a manually generated website. Lessons learned will be used for automatic cell card content generation. Feedback is welcome. Thanks!

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